In Oregon, Senate Bill 488, a precedent-setting bill to continuously monitor toxic emissions from waste incineration, passed into law with the governor's signature on August 4, 2023. See the latest news coverage in Waste Dive (8/3/2023): Oregon becomes first state to require continuous emissions monitoring at incinerators.

The law requires the state's only trash incinerator (Covanta Marion) to have to continuously monitor for dioxins/furans, PCBs, and toxic metals for 12 months. They'd be the first in the nation to have to use this modern technology, and it'll likely expose that actual toxic air emissions are far higher than what is shown by once-per-year self-administered "best behavior" tests. Continuous testing at incinerators in Europe has shown that dioxins, the most toxic chemicals known to science, are emitted at rates 32 to 1,290 times higher than we think they are in the U.S. when we test just once a year.

This will have national implications once that data comes out. It's the first time these toxic chemicals will be tested continuously in the U.S., and should put to rest the claims that the testing technology is not available.

This hard-won victory could not have happened without the work of our member groups, Beyond Toxics and the Clean Air Now Coalition. Energy Justice Network has been working with them since 2019 to close the Covanta Marion waste incinerator, burning trash, medical, and industrial wastes in the largely Latinx community of Brooks, just north of Salem.

Requiring continuous emissions monitoring is one of the key strategies we've been using to prevent air polluting industries with local ordinances and to hold existing ones accountable. It's one of the key points we raised in a 274-group strong October 2022 letter to the White House Council on Environmental Quality about EPA's bad policies relating to waste incineration.

If we regulated motorists the way we do most pollutants from smokestacks, it would be akin to enforcing a speed limit by allowing drivers to drive all year with no speedometer. Once a year, a speed trap would be set on the highway with signs warning "slow down... speed trap ahead," and the driver's brother would be running the speed trap (companies choose who they pay to conduct the test).

For nearly everything with a smokestack in the U.S., continuous monitoring is only used for three pollutants, and none of the toxic ones. As we change this reality and find that we're exposed to far more than we realize, it could be a game changer for getting these toxic industries closed for good.

Covanta's trash incinerator in Montgomery County, Maryland is the largest air industrial polluter in the county, by far. Following a massive waste pile fire that burned for nearly two weeks in late 2016, we've been supporting our member group, Sugarloaf Citizens' Association, to close this incinerator for good. We worked with them and other local environmental leaders forming Zero Waste Montgomery County to issue the March 2021 report, "Beyond Incineration: Best Waste Management Strategies for Montgomery County, Maryland" to support the county's commitment to end incineration.

This report was cited in the December 3, 2021 letter from County Executive Marc Elrich announcing plans to close this county-owned, Covanta-operated trash incinerator (one of the youngest in the country) within 12-18 months. This deadline was missed, however, and the county is now delaying the incinerator's closure until an alternative waste processing facility is in place.

While political leaders seem to think that incineration is better than landfilling, and do not realize that the county is landfilling toxic ash in a Black community near Richmond, Virginia, this detailed report documents how incineration is actually far worse than landfilling and that no transportation distance to a landfill can justify continued in-county incineration. This report analyses the alternatives, and recommends what the county should do. It debunks pro-incinerator propaganda by Covanta and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Further resources on incineration are on our incineration page.

Find the report here: www.energyjustice.net/md/beyond.pdf

The powerpoint with overview slides is here: www.energyjustice.net/md/beyondppt.pdf

The report's chapters include:
Chapter 1: Zero Waste Strategies Have More Potential than DEP & HDR Portray
Chapter 2: The Case Against Incineration
Chapter 3: Greenhouse Gases & Creative Accounting
Chapter 4: Landfilling vs. Incineration
Chapter 5: Environmental Racism
Chapter 6: Site 2 Landfill
Chapter 7: Choosing the Best Landfill
Chapter 8: Cost of Incineration vs. Landfilling
Chapter 9: The path forward

Chapter 4's Life Cycle Analysis proves that incineration (and landfilling ash) is far worse than direct landfilling, even after factoring in much larger transportation distances. Long-haul truck or rail to landfill sites amounted to only about 3% of the greenhouse gas impacts of landfilling. The chart below summarizes the finding, comparing the Montgomery County trash incinerator to the composite results of 10 landfills studied. Incineration at the county's incinerator has health and environmental impacts totaling $258.58/ton while landfilling (average of 10 landfills studied) totaled $80.15/ton -- impacts that are more than three times lower than incineration.

by Mike Ewall, Executive Director, Energy Justice Network

[See related interview here.]

If I were to write a documentary exposing the dismal state of recycling in the U.S., I'd be right to point out how much is not being recycled, how polluting recycling can be, and how inadequate it is to try to solve the waste problem. I'd be right to call for more emphasis on reducing and reusing before recycling; however, I'd also be clear that the answer is not to stop recycling and just landfill everything, or worse, incinerate it, then landfill toxic ash.

Planet of the Humans trashes wind, solar, biomass, biofuels, hydrogen, electric cars, and energy storage as if they're all terrible, without offering solutions, and without distinguishing which are inherently bad, and which are generally good and can continue to be improved. It's basically a sales pitch for Ozzie Zehner's 2012 Green Illusions book (which you can find free online here).

There is a lot that Planet of the Humans gets right. And several things they get really wrong. Sadly, the film is now being used to hype up natural gas and nuclear power.

Let's be clear.

The film was right to...

• criticize biomass, biofuels, and hydrogen;
  
• show that wind and solar have some problems, too;
  
• expose conflicted and clueless environmental groups, and "green" political and business leaders; and
  
• point to the need to reduce consumption, including by limiting human population.

The film got it wrong about...

• intermittent renewables needing to be backed up by fossil fuels;
  
• energy storage needing to match generation;
  
• renewables not replacing fossil fuels;
  
• renewables using more fossil fuels than they replace;
  
• ethanol being largely coal-powered;
  
• implying that there's something wrong with claiming to be 100% renewable while being tied to the electric grid;
  
• ...and more.

The film missed a lot, too. Notably...

• omitting any mention of systemic solutions;
  
• some "renewable" sources that are more deserving of critique than wind and solar;
  
• that nuclear power is not a clean solution, either; and
  
• that there's a thriving grassroots environmental justice movement that is worth supporting.

Before diving into all the rights, wrongs, and missings, let's quickly point out a few things:

1. There are three sectors of energy consumption: electricity, transportation, and heating. The film mostly focuses on electricity, and each sector is handled with a pretty different mix of fuels. See our page on U.S. energy sources for context.
2. When discussing solutions, electricity needs should be met first by conservation, then efficiency, then solar, wind, and perhaps some ocean-based solutions once they're ready. A modest amount of energy storage will be needed to balance it all. The transportation and heating fuel sectors need to be solved with conservation and efficiency first and second as well. For transportation, the rest should be electrified as much as possible. Planes and boats will be a challenge, but all land-based transportation needs to run on electricity from wind and solar. For heating, solar thermal, heat pumps, and electrification should meet as much demand as possible. Industrial heating will be a challenge and should mainly be tackled by reducing demand for energy intensive products like paper and cement. No solid fuels should be burned in any case. In overconsuming nations like the U.S., we should be cutting energy and material use at least by half.

3. There's a world of difference between energy sources that require fuel and those that do not. Wind, solar, and water power are genuinely renewable, even though they have impacts. Other energy sources -- nuclear, hydrogen, and anything that involves burning anything (fossil fuels, biomass and waste incineration, biofuels) -- require a constant stream of extraction, consumption, pollution, and waste. The machines for every type of power involve mining of materials and various pollution and health impacts. However, for genuine renewables, that damage largely stops once the machine is built, and there isn't ongoing pollution per kilowatt-hour. This is the main dividing line we use to distinguish clean from dirty energy sources.

WHAT THEY GOT RIGHT

Biomass, biofuels, and hydrogen are false solutions

Energy Justice Network was featured in the section on biomass, from an interview eight years ago with our former staff member, Josh Schlossberg. Jeff Gibbs was part of our national Anti-Biomass Incineration Campaign, which brought together hundreds of community activists to successfully stop several dozen proposed biomass incinerators between 2006 and 2015.

Our years of work in Baltimore are paying off!

On March 7, 2019, the Baltimore's Mayor Pugh signed into law our Baltimore Clean Air Act. This is the culmination of years of work to close the highly polluting waste incinerators in the city. It's also a new phase in our ongoing work to transition Baltimore from incineration to zero waste and clean energy.

Since June 2017, Baltimore City Council passed four unanimous resolutions calling for a transition from incineration to zero waste. On November 19th, 2018, Baltimore City Council introduced our Baltimore Clean Air Act, and on January 30th, the Land Use and Transportation Committee unanimously approved it with a 7-0 vote! It passed City Council unanimously on Feb. 11th, 2019 and, as of the mayor's signing on March 7th, is now law.

This new law will force the city's largest air polluter (the Wheelabrator Baltimore trash incinerator) and the nation's largest medical waste incinerator (Curtis Bay Energy) to abide by the nation's strictest standards or shut down.

Wheelabrator Baltimore burns up to 2,250 tons of trash per day and is the largest air polluter in (heavily industrialized) Baltimore by far, responsible for 36% of the city's industrial air pollution. Curtis Bay Energy burns about 70 tons of medical waste per day, importing medical waste from 20 states plus DC and Canada! It's one of a small number of medical waste incinerators remaining in the nation, since over 6,000 closed in the U.S. as hospitals have moved toward cheaper and safer non-burn alternatives.

The Baltimore Clean Air Act requires that these incinerators meet the most protective standards in North America for nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), mercury and dioxin pollution from incinerators. It also requires that they continuously monitor 20 different air pollutants and release the data on this pollution real-time to a public website.

On April 30th, 2019, Wheelabrator, Curtis Bay Energy, and two waste industry trade associations sued Baltimore City to stop the law, using legal arguments that the city’s Law Department previously described as “demonstratively false.” They claim that the city doesn’t have the authority to pass such a law, even though federal and state law clearly permit it. The city’s case is strong, and we look forward to a positive court precedent in early 2020! Check out the filings in the lawsuit, including our advice to the court. In late January 2020, the City agreed to pause implementation of the law, which was to take effect in September 2020, pending the outcome of the lawsuit.

Find more info about the Act at www.cleanairbmore.org/cleanairact.

If you're in Baltimore and have noticed Wheelabrator's many desperate mailings opposing the Clean Air Act, please see our responses here.

We encourage other communities to follow Baltimore's lead and work with us to develop local ordinances to hold polluters accountable (and prevent new ones) in your town. Check out our resources on stopping polluters with local ordinances, and be in touch!

New Hampshire legislators will be voting on September 13, 2018 on whether to override the governor's veto of SB365, a bill that would provide $68 million in subsidies to seven of the state's 13 largest industrial air polluters: the trash incinerator in Concord, and six tree-burning "biomass" incinerators. This would raise the rates of Eversource and Unitil customers by at an estimated $60-75/year (and possibly as much as $120/year), according to state agencies. There is no clean energy in this bill -- only dirty energy subsidies. Please help stop us SB 365, by taking action below.

See our new factsheet: The Double Cost of Biomass Incineration - factsheet on how New Hampshire Senate Bill 365 would subsidize seven uneconomical biomass and trash incinerators in the state, hitting our health AND pocketbooks.

Incinerators are the biggest polluters in nearly half of New Hampshire's counties:

Senate Bill 365 would force Unitil and Eversource customers to pay about $60 more per year according to the bill's own analysis by the NH Public Utility Commission. See pages 6-8 here. The state's Office of Consumer Advocate has indicated it could be as much as twice that amount.

This is to protect seven uneconomical incinerators, six that burn trees, and one in Concord that burns trash, feeding many millions per year to these companies. These facilities are among the state's 13 largest air polluters. Spread throughout half of the state's counties, most are the largest air polluters in their counties, by far. See the factsheet for details.

TAKE ACTION!

Groups opposing SB 365:

• Action Collaborative for Transition to Sustainability Now (ACTS Now)
• Energy Justice Network
• Partnership for Policy Integrity
• Seacoast Anti-Pollution League
• Sierra Club - NH Chapter
• Toxics Action Center Campaigns
• Working on Waste

For more background on trash and biomass incineration, see this recent article summarizing biomass health impacts on workers and communities, our Woody Biomass Factsheet, our biomass page and our trash incineration page.

Hartford, Connecticut is home to an aging and very polluting trash incinerator that the state would like to close. This state-run incinerator serves 70 Connecticut towns and is the county's second largest air polluter. Shutting it down is a great idea, but...

Connecticut's Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) only considered three proposals to replace the incinerator -- all of which involved more incineration!

Click to take action!

In 2012, a group of elementary school students started a Crayola: Make Your Mark! petition calling for Crayola to "make sure these markers don't end up in our landfills, incinerators and oceans."  The petition gathered over 90,000 petition signers.  In 2013, Crayola launched their ColorCycle program, but won't admit that the student campaign was the catalyst for this program.

Crayola initially sent these markers to JBI's "plastics to oil" facility in Niagara, New York.  This experimental operation closed down in December 2013 and remains idle, with the company claiming financial reasons (as have similar companies trying this failed plastics pyrolysis technology).

Crayola admits that its whole markers are not recyclable.  They refuse to disclose which companies or facilities are processing the markers collected in their "ColorCycle" program, but claim that their "ColorCycle program repurposes the entire marker and turns it into reusable alternatives such as oil, electricity and wax."

Burning is NOT recycling!

Crayola admits that their initial plastics-to-oil scheme didn't work out, yet is still pursuing polluting and experimental incineration and pyrolysis schemes in communities they refuse to name.

Plastics-to-oil technology (pyrolysis) is very experimental, with various small demonstration facilities usually failing for technical and/or economic reasons, as JBI did.  Pyrolysis is similar to incineration in that it's expensive and polluting, destroying materials, releasing toxins and waste products, and creating new toxic chemicals in the process.

Crayola also indicates that they're sending "ColorCycled" markers to be burned in trash incinerators.  They state that they're using them to "generate electricity in the United States" and refer to "Energy from Waste plants," pretending that they "are a clean, reliable, and renewable source of energy that produces electricity with little environmental impact."  This can only describe trash incinerators, most of which have rebranded themselves as "waste to energy" or "energy from waste" facilities.

In fact, trash incinerators are the most expensive and polluting way to manage waste or to make energy -- dirtier than coal power plants, and dirtier than landfills.  They turn waste into toxic ash (which goes to landfills, anyway) and toxic air pollution.  They release pollutants like nitrogen oxides, lead, mercury, and dioxin that contribute to ADHD, asthma, birth defects, cancer, learning disabilities, reduced IQ, violent behavior and many other health problems.  This is not what a company should be doing if they "believe every child should have a healthy planet for their creative todays and tomorrows" as they claim.

In fact, the elementary school students who initially demanded marker recycling from Crayola specifically called for "Crayola to make sure these markers don't end up in our landfills, incinerators and oceans."

It's time for Crayola to come clean.  Please sign this petition demanding that Crayola:

• be transparent about the specific facilities and processes where their ColorCycled markers are going,
• immediately stop supporting trash incinerators and incinerator-like pyrolysis schemes,
• redesign their markers so that they're refillable and 100% recyclable, and
• actually recycle the markers they collect.

Please email or call Mike at 215-436-9511 with any questions.